Cymotorix builds 3 phase hybrid stepper motors from NEMA 23 (57mm) up to NEMA 51 (130mm), all at a 1.2° step angle. Holding torque runs from 0.6 N·m on the smallest 57mm frame to 25 N·m on the 110mm frame, with 130mm models reaching higher still. A three phase stepper motor runs smoother and quieter than a comparable 2-phase unit and holds torque better as speed climbs, which is why it shows up in CNC machines, laser cutting, and other jobs where low vibration and quiet running matter. We wind, assemble, and test every motor in our own Changzhou plant. The pages below break each NEMA size into its own spec sheet.
NEMA 23 to NEMA 51 frames, 1.2° step angle, holding torque from 0.6 N·m up to 25 N·m, wound and tested in our own Changzhou plant.
Lower vibration and quiet, near-silent operation than a 2-phase motor, with stronger torque retention at higher speed.
3-wire connection drives off three half-bridge stages, so the matched driver is simpler and cabling is leaner.
Standard samples ship in 3–5 days. Custom prototypes in 10–15 working days. Selection questions answered within 24 hours.
We build three main types of stepper motors — 2-phase, 3-phase, and closed loop. The 2-phase hybrid is our highest-volume product, covering NEMA 8 through NEMA 42. If your application needs lower vibration at higher speeds, go with 3-phase. If you need position feedback and anti-lost-step protection, the closed loop series is the right fit.
| 3 Phase | 2 Phase | Closed Loop | |
|---|---|---|---|
| STEP ANGLE | 1.2° | 1.8° / 0.9° | 1.8° |
| FRAME SIZE | NEMA 23–51 | NEMA 8–42 | NEMA 23–42 |
| HOLDING TORQUE | 0.6–25 N·m | 0.01–4 N·m | 0.3–12 N·m |
| LEADS | 3 wire | 4 / 6 / 8 wire | 4 wire + encoder |
| BEST FOR | Low vibration, high speed | General positioning | Anti-lost-step, high reliability |
· 1.2° step angle, 300 steps per revolution
· Holding torque from 0.6 N·m to 25 N·m across NEMA 23–51
· 3-wire connection, driven by three half-bridge stages
· CE and RoHS certified, 80°C max temperature rise
· Mechanical: shaft diameter and length, flange, mounting holes, lead exit direction
· Electrical: winding voltage and current, insulation class, connector type
· Integration: encoder, gearbox, or brake mounted and tested as one unit
· Branding: your logo on the motor body, custom labels and packaging
· Keyed shaft, single or double keyway
· D-cut flat shaft
· Gear shaft (spur or helical)
· Double-shaft output for rear encoder mounting
· Custom diameter and length to your drawing
· Stator: laminated silicon steel core, three-phase winding
· Rotor: permanent magnet plus toothed iron caps (hybrid type)
· Bearings: ball bearings rated past 20,000 hours
· Housing: anodized aluminum or painted steel end caps
Stepper motor and servo motor manufacturer in Changzhou, China since 2004. We run 5 production lines with annual output over 1,000,000 motors, serving OEM customers in 30+ countries.
About Us facility Solutions CertificationsA 3 phase stepper motor has three windings on the stator, spaced 120 electrical degrees apart. The driver feeds the three phases in sequence and the toothed hybrid rotor steps one fixed increment per cycle. Standard step angle is 1.2°, or 300 steps per full turn. Because the three phase field is smoother than a two phase field, the motor produces less vibration and runs quieter, while still tracking position by pulse count in open loop.
The split comes down to step angle, smoothness, and cost. A 2 phase motor steps at 1.8° and is the standard, low-cost choice for general positioning. A 3 phase motor steps at 1.2°, runs with noticeably lower vibration, and keeps torque better at higher speed — useful in the 600–1000 rpm range where a 2 phase unit starts dropping off. The trade-off: a three phase stepper motor needs its matched driver and costs more. If cost and driver availability matter more than smoothness, the 2 phase stepper motor range is the better fit.
All our 3 phase models use a 1.2° step angle. Frame sizes run NEMA 23 (57mm), NEMA 34 (86mm), NEMA 42 (110mm), and NEMA 51 (130mm). Holding torque spans 0.6 N·m on the smallest frame up to 25 N·m on the 110mm, with 130mm models reaching higher. Each NEMA size has its own page with the full model-by-model spec table.
A three phase stepper motor runs on a dedicated 3 phase stepper driver — it will not work on a 2-phase driver. The upside is that a 3 phase stepper driver uses three half-bridge stages instead of four, so the drive circuit is simpler and cabling is leaner. We supply matched drivers sized to each frame, set up for microstepping to get the smoothest motion out of the motor.
Choose a 3 phase stepper when you need smooth, accurate positioning at low to moderate speed and want to avoid the cost and tuning of a servo system. Steppers hold position without a feedback loop and don't hunt at standstill. Move to a servo when you need high speed, high dynamic response, or closed-loop torque control. For lost-step protection without a full servo, a closed loop stepper motor sits in between.
Yes. Shaft diameter, length, and end type are made to your drawing — keyed, D-cut, gear, or double-shaft. On the electrical side we match winding voltage and current to your driver and change the connector or lead length. We can also mount an encoder, gearbox, or brake and test the assembly as one unit before shipping.
A working reference for engineers and procurement teams specifying three phase stepper motors for OEM equipment. It covers how the motor works, why it runs smoother than a 2-phase unit, what driver it needs, and the numbers that drive a selection decision.
A 3 phase stepper motor carries three windings on the stator, set 120 electrical degrees apart. The driver energizes them in a rotating sequence, and the toothed hybrid rotor advances one fixed step per cycle — 1.2° per step, or 300 steps per revolution. Position tracks the pulse count, so a basic system runs open loop with no encoder. The reason a three phase motor matters is the shape of its field: three sinusoidal phases form a smoother rotating vector than two phases can, so the rotor follows it with less jerk. That means lower vibration, quieter running, and torque that holds up better as speed rises.
Two-phase steppers are usually driven with sharper current transitions, which feed harmonic content into the motor and excite mechanical resonance — the source of the buzz and vibration you hear at certain speeds. A three phase stepper motor driven with sinusoidal current keeps that harmonic content down, so resonance is weaker and motion stays smooth. That's what makes a 3 phase unit the go-to silent stepper motor when an application can't tolerate audible buzz. In the 600–1000 rpm band, a 3 phase motor commonly delivers noticeably more usable torque than a 2 phase motor of the same frame, and runs quieter doing it. That combination is why three phase steppers are common in laser cutting, engraving, and machine-tool axes where surface finish and noise both count.
| 3 Phase | 2 Phase | |
|---|---|---|
| Step angle | 1.2° | 1.8° / 0.9° |
| Vibration / noise | Lower | Moderate |
| High-speed torque | Better (600–1000 rpm) | Drops off sooner |
| Driver | 3-wire, dedicated driver | 4/6/8-wire, common driver |
| Cost | Higher motor + driver | Lower |
| Frame range | NEMA 23–51 | NEMA 8–42 |
Specify 3 phase when low vibration, low noise, or high-speed torque is the deciding factor. Stay with 2 phase when cost and driver availability lead, or when the load is small enough that a 3 phase frame is overkill. A 5 phase stepper motor pushes resolution and smoothness further still, but its driver cost and limited frame range keep it niche — for most industrial jobs 3 phase is the practical sweet spot.
A three phase stepper motor will not run on a 2-phase driver — it needs a matched 3 phase stepper driver. The driver uses three half-bridge output stages, one per phase, which is actually fewer power devices than a 2-phase bipolar driver. Run it in microstepping mode to get the smoothest motion the motor can give. Two points worth checking when you size a driver:
We supply drivers matched to each frame size, so the motor-driver pair is sorted before it ships.
Four numbers settle most selections:
Send us the load, the speed target, and the frame constraint, and our engineers confirm the motor and driver before you order.
The low-vibration, high-speed character makes these motors a fit for CNC routers and machining centers, laser cutting and engraving heads, packaging and printing equipment, and other industrial automation where smooth, quiet motion matters. As a CNC stepper motor the 3 phase line is a common pick for router and engraver axes. Smaller frames (NEMA 23–34) drive precision axes; larger frames (NEMA 42–51) work as high torque stepper motors on the heavy axes in machine tools.
